Ancient fire pits were sometimes built in the ground, within caves, or at the center of a hut or dwelling. Evidence of ancient, man-made fires is present on all five inhabited continents. The drawback of early indoor flame pits was that they produced toxic and/or irritating smoke inside the house.Fire pits grown into raised hearths in buildings, but ventilation smoke depended on open windows or openings in roofs. The medieval great hall typically had a centrally situated hearth, where a open flame burned with the smoke rising to the port in the roof. Louvers were developed throughout the Middle Ages to enable the roof vents to be covered so rain and snow wouldn't enter.
Also throughout the Middle Ages, smoke canopies were invented to prevent smoke from dispersing a room and vent it out via a ceiling or wall. These can be placed against stone walls, rather than taking up the middle of the room, and this allowed smaller rooms to be warmed.Chimneys were devised in northern Europe in the 11th or 12th centuries and largely fixed the problem of fumes, more faithfully venting smoke outside. They made it possible to give the fireplace a draft, and made it feasible to put fireplaces in multiple rooms in buildings handily. They did not come into general use immediately, however, as they were expensive to build and maintain.The 18th century saw two major developments in the history of fireplaces. Benjamin Franklin developed a convection room for the fireplace that greatly improved the efficiency of fireplaces and wood stoves. He also enhanced the airflow by pulling air from a cellar and venting a lengthier place on top. In the later 18th century, Count Rumford made a fireplace with a tall, shallow firebox that has been better at drawing up the smoke and out of the construction. The shallow design improved greatly the quantity of radiant warmth projected into the space. Rumford's design is the foundation for modern fireplaces.
The Aesthetic movement of the 1870s and 1880s took on a more traditional spectra based on rock and also deflected unnecessary ornamentation. Instead it depended on simple layouts with little unnecessary ornamentation. From the 1890s the Aesthetic movement gave way to the Arts and Crafts movement, where the emphasis was still placed on supplying quality gems. Stone fireplaces now were a sign of prosperity, which to a degree remains the idea today.A fireplace is a construction made from brick, stone or metal made to include a fire. Fireplaces are utilized for the relaxing ambiance that they create and for heating a space. Modern fireplaces vary in heat efficiency, depending on the design.Historically they have been used for heating a home, cooking, and heating water for domestic and laundry uses. A fire is contained in a firebox or firepit; a chimney or alternative flue allows exhaust to escape.
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On the exterior there's frequently a corbeled brick crown, in which the projecting courses of brick act as a drip route to keep rainwater from running down the exterior walls. A hood, cap, or shroud serves to keep rainwater out of the exterior of the chimney; rain at the chimney is a far greater problem in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metallic liners compared with the standard masonry chimney, that soaks up all but the most violent rain. A few chimneys have a spark arrestor incorporated into the cap or crown.
Organizations like the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington Department of Ecology warn that, according to different studies, fireplaces could pose a substantial health threat. The EPA writes"Smoke may smell good, but it is not good for you.Types of fireplacesManufactured fireplaces are made with sheet glass or metal flame boxes.Electric fireplaces can be built-in replacements for wood or gas or retrofit with log inserts or electrical fireboxes.
Masonry and prefabricated fireplaces can be fueled by wood, natural gas, biomass and propane fuel sources. In the United States, some states and local businesses have laws limiting these types of fireplaces. They must be suitably sized to the area to be heated. Additionally, there are air quality management issues because of the amount of moisture that they release in the room air, and oxygen detector and carbon dioxide sensors are safety essentials. Direct vent fireplaces have been fueled by liquid propane or natural gas. They are completely sealed in the place that's heated, and port all exhaust gasses to the exterior of the structure.
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As time passes, the purpose of fireplaces has transformed from one of requirement to one of interest. Early ones were more fire pits than contemporary fireplaces. They have been used for warmth on cold days and nights, in addition to for cooking. They also functioned as a gathering place inside the home. These fire pits were generally based within a space, allowing more people to gather around it.
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Many flaws were found in ancient fireplace designs. The most renowned fireplace designers of this time were the Adam Brothers. They perfected a style of fireplace design that was used for generations. It had been smaller, more brightly colored, with a emphasis on the level of the substances used in their construction, instead of their size.
From the 1800s newest fireplaces were made up of 2 components, the surround and the insert. The encircle comprised of the mantlepiece and sides supports, usually in wood, marble or granite. The insert was fire burned, and was built of cast iron often backed with ornamental tiles. As well as providing warmth, the fireplaces of the Victorian era were believed to bring a cozy ambiance to homes.Amazon.com: Pearl Mantels 12048 Windsor Fireplace Mantel Surround, 48Inch, Unfinished: Home Video
Some fireplace components include a blower that transports more of the fireplace's heat to the air via convection, leading to a more evenly heated area and a decrease heating load. Fireplace efficiency is also enhanced by means of a fireback, a piece of metal which sits behind the flame and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally produced from cast iron, but are also manufactured from stainless steel. Efficiency is a complicated concept although with open hearth fireplaces. Most efficiency tests consider just the impact of heating of the air. An open fireplace isn't, and never was, intended to warm the air. A fireplace with a fireback is a toaster, and has done so as the 15th century. The best way to gauge the output signal of a fireplace is in case you notice you are turning the thermostat up or down.
Most older fireplaces have a relatively low efficiency score. Standard, contemporary, weatherproof masonry fireplaces still possess an efficiency rating of 80% (legal minimum necessity for example in Salzburg/Austria). To improve efficiency, fireplaces may also be modified by adding special heavy fireboxes developed to burn much cleaner and may reach efficiencies as large as 80 percent in heating the atmosphere. These altered fireplaces are usually equipped with a large fire window, enabling an efficient heating process in two phases. During the first stage the first heat is provided through a big glass window while the fire is burning. During this time period the structure, built of refractory bricks, absorbs the heat. This warmth is then equally radiated for several hours during the second phase. Masonry fireplaces without a glass fire window only offer heat radiated from the surface. Depending on temperatures 1 to 2 daily firings are enough to ensure a constant room temperature.fireplace mantle
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