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Ancient fire pits were sometimes constructed in the ground, in caves, or in the center of a hut or dwelling. Evidence of ancient, man-made flames is present on all five inhabited continents. The disadvantage of premature indoor flame pits was that they generated toxic and/or irritating smoke inside the dwelling.Fire pits grown into raised hearths in buildings, but ventilation smoke depended on open windows or openings in roofs. The medieval great hall typically had a centrally located hearth, where a open flame burnt with all the smoke rising to the port in the roof. Louvers were developed during the Middle Ages to enable the roof vents to be coated so snow and rain would not enter.

Additionally during the Middle Ages, smoke canopies were devised to stop smoke from dispersing an area and vent it out through a wall or roof. These can be put against stone walls, rather than taking up the center of the room, and this allowed smaller chambers to be heated.Chimneys were invented in northern Europe in the 11th or 12th centuries and mostly fixed the problem of fumes, more faithfully venting smoke out. They made it feasible to give the fireplace a draft, and made it possible to place fireplaces in multiple rooms in buildings handily. They didn't come into general use instantly, however, as they were expensive to build and maintain.

Benjamin Franklin developed a convection chamber for the fireplace which greatly improved the efficiency of fireplaces and wood stoves. In addition, he enhanced the airflow by pulling air from a cellar and venting a lengthier area on very top. At the later 18th century, Count Rumford made a fireplace with a tall, shallow firebox which was better at drawing up the smoke and out of the construction. The shallow design also improved greatly the quantity of radiant warmth projected into the room. Rumford's layout is the basis for modern kitchens.

Instead it depended on simple designs with little unnecessary ornamentation. From the 1890s the Aesthetic movement gave way to the Arts and Crafts movement, where the emphasis was placed on supplying quality stone. Stone fireplaces now have been a symbol of prosperity, which to a degree remains the notion today.A fireplace is a construction made of brick, stone or metal made to include a fire. Fireplaces are utilized for the relaxing ambiance that they create and for heating a space. Modern fireplaces vary in heat efficacy, based upon the design.

Historically they have been utilized for heating a home, cooking, and heating water for laundry and domestic uses. A fire is contained in a firebox or firepit; a chimney or alternative flue allows exhaust to escape.

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On the exterior there's frequently a corbeled brick crown, in which the projecting courses of brick act as a drip route to keep rainwater from running down the outside walls. A hood, cap, or shroud functions to keep rainwater out of the exterior of the chimney; rain in the chimney is a far greater problem in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metallic liners than with the traditional masonry chimney, that soaks up all but the rain. A few chimneys have a spark arrestor incorporated into the crown or cap.

The EPA writes"Smoke may smell good, but it is not great for you.

Types of fireplacesManufactured fireplaces are made with sheet glass or metal fire boxes.Electric fireplaces could be built-in replacements for wood or gas or retrofit with log inserts or electrical fireboxes.

Masonry and prefabricated fireplaces can be fueled by wood, natural gas, biomass and propane fuel sources. Ventless Fireplaces (duct free/room-venting fireplaces) are fueled by either gel, liquid propane, bottled gas or natural gas. In the United States, several states and local businesses have laws limiting these kinds of fireplaces. They must be suitably sized to the area to be heated. Additionally, there are air quality management problems because of the quantity of moisture that they discharge in the room air, and oxygen sensor and carbon dioxide sensors are safety essentials. Direct vent fireplaces are fueled by liquid propane or natural gas. They are totally sealed in the place that is heated, and vent all exhaust gasses into the outside of the structure.

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AccessoriesFor the inside, common in current Western civilizations include grates, fireguards, log boxes, andirons, pellet baskets, along with fire dogs, all of which cradle gas and quicken burning. A grate (or fire grate) is a framework, usually of iron bars, to retain fuel for a fire. Heavy metal firebacks are sometimes used to capture and re-radiate warmth, to protect the back of the fireplace, and as decoration. Fenders are low metal frames set before the fireplace to include embers, soot and ash.

Over time, the purpose of fireplaces has transformed from one of requirement to one of visual interest. Early ones were more fire pits than contemporary fireplaces. They were used for heat on chilly days and nights, in addition to for cooking. They also served as a gathering place within the house. These fire pits were usually centered within a space, allowing more individuals to gather around it.

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Many defects were found in ancient fireplace designs. Together with the Industrial Revolution, came large scale housing developments, necessitating a standardization of fireplaces. The most renowned fireplace performers of the period were the Adam Brothers. They perfected a style of fireplace design which has been used for generations. It had been smaller, more brightly lit, with a emphasis on the quality of the materials used in their construction, as opposed to their size.

By the 1800s most new fireplaces were composed of two components, the surround as well as the add. The surround consisted of the mantlepiece and sides affirms, usually in wood, marble or granite. The insert was fire burnt, and was built of cast iron often backed with decorative tiles. In addition to providing warmth, the fireplaces of the Victorian age were thought to bring a cozy ambiance into homes.

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Some fireplace components incorporate a blower which transfers more of the fireplace's heat to the atmosphere via convection, leading to a more evenly heated area and a lower heating load. Fireplace efficiency can also be increased with the use of a fireback, a sheet of metal that sits behind the fire and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally produced from cast iron, but are also made from stainless steel. Efficiency is a complicated notion though with open hearth fireplaces. Most efficacy tests consider just the effect of heating of the air. An open fireplace isn't, and never was, intended to warm the atmosphere. A fireplace with a fireback is a radiant heater, and has done so as the 15th century. The best method to gauge the output signal of a fireplace is if you detect you're turning the thermostat down or up.

Most older fireplaces have a relatively low efficiency score. Standard, modern, wood-burning masonry fireplaces though have an efficiency rating of at least 80% (legal minimum necessity for example in Salzburg/Austria). To boost efficiency, fireplaces may also be altered by adding special heavy fireboxes designed to burn cleaner and may reach efficiencies as large as 80% in heating the air. These modified fireplaces are often equipped with a large fire window, allowing an efficient heating process in two stages. During the first phase the first heat is offered through a large glass window while the flame is burning. In this time the construction, built of refractory bricks, absorbs the warmth. This heat is then evenly radiated for several hours during the second stage. Masonry fireplaces without a glass fire window only provide heat radiated from its surface. Based on outside temperatures 1 to two daily firings are sufficient to ensure a constant room temperature.fireplace set