Ancient fire pits were sometimes built from the floor, within caves, or in the center of a hut or dwelling. Evidence of ancient, man-made fires exists on all five inhabited continents. The disadvantage of premature indoor flame pits was that they produced toxic and/or irritating smoke within the house.Fire pits developed into raised hearths in buildings, but ventilation smoke relied on open windows or holes in roofs. The medieval great hall typically had a centrally situated hearth, where a open flame burnt with the smoke climbing into the port in the roof. Louvers were developed during the Middle Ages to allow the roof vents to be covered so rain and snow would not enter.
Additionally throughout the Middle Ages, smoke canopies were invented to prevent smoke from spreading through an area and vent it outside through a ceiling or wall. These could be placed against rock walls, instead of taking up the center of the room, and this enabled smaller chambers to be heated.Chimneys were invented in northern Europe in the 11th or 12th centuries and largely fixed the problem of fumes, more reliably venting smoke out. They made it possible to provide the fireplace a draft, and also made it feasible to put fireplaces in multiple rooms in buildings conveniently. They didn't come into general usage instantly, however, as they were expensive to develop and maintain.The 18th century saw two important developments in the history of fireplaces. Benjamin Franklin developed a convection room for the fireplace which greatly improved the efficacy of fireplaces and wood stoves. He also improved the airflow by pulling air from a cellar and venting out a lengthier area on very top. At the later 18th century, Count Rumford designed a fireplace using a tall, shallow firebox which was better at drawing the smoke up and from the construction. The shallow design also improved greatly the amount of radiant warmth projected into the space. Rumford's design is the foundation for modern fireplaces.
The Aesthetic movement of the 1870s and 1880s took to a more conventional spectra based on rock and deflected unnecessary ornamentation. Rather it depended on simple designs with small unnecessary ornamentation. From the 1890s the Aesthetic movement gave way to the Arts and Crafts movement, where the emphasis was placed on supplying quality stone. Stone fireplaces at this time were a symbol of wealth, which to some degree remains the idea today.A fireplace is a structure made of brick, stone or metal designed to contain a fire. Fireplaces are utilized for its relaxing ambiance they create and also for heating a space. Modern fireplaces vary in heat efficacy, depending on the plan.Historically they were utilized for heating a dwelling, cooking, and heating water for laundry and domestic uses. A fire is contained in a firebox or firepit; a chimney or other flue allows exhaust to escape.
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On the exterior there is often a corbeled brick crown, in which the casting courses of brick act as a drip course to keep rainwater from running down the outside walls. A hood, cap, or shroud serves to keep rainwater from the outside of the chimney; rain at the chimney is a much larger difficulty in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metal liners than with the traditional masonry chimney, which divides up all but the rain. A few chimneys have a spark arrestor incorporated into the cap or crown.
Organizations like the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington Department of Ecology warn that, according to various studies, fireplaces can pose a substantial health threat. The EPA writes"Smoke may smell good, but it is not great for you.Kinds of fireplacesManufactured fireplaces are made out of sheet glass or metal flame boxes.Electric fireplaces could be built-in replacements for either gas or wood or retrofit with log inserts or electrical fireboxes.
In the United States, several states and local counties have laws restricting these types of fireplaces. They must be suitably sized to the area to be heated. Additionally, there are air quality control issues because of the amount of moisture they discharge in the room atmosphere, and oxygen detector and carbon dioxide sensors are security essentials. Direct vent fireplaces are fueled by either liquid propane or natural gas. They are completely sealed from the area that is heated, and port all exhaust gasses into the outside of the structure.
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Over time, the purpose of fireplaces has transformed from one of necessity to one of visual interest. Early ones were fire pits compared to modern fireplaces. They were used for heat on cold days and nights, as well as for cooking. They also functioned as a gathering place within the house. These fire pits were usually centered within a space, allowing more people to collect around it.
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Many flaws were found in early fireplace designs. Along with the Industrial Revolution, came large scale housing developments, necessitating a standardization of fireplaces. The most renowned fireplace designers of this time were the Adam Brothers. They perfected a kind of fireplace design which was used for generations. It had been smaller, more brightly colored, with an emphasis on the quality of the materials used in their construction, instead of their dimensions.
By the 1800s most new fireplaces were made up of two parts, the surround and the insert. The encircle consisted of the mantlepiece and sides supports, usually in wood, granite or marble. The insert was fire burned, and was constructed of cast iron often backed with ornamental tiles. In addition to providing heat, the fireplaces of the Victorian era were thought to bring a cozy ambiance to houses.Boulevard Fireplaces Linear DirectVent White Mountain Hearth Video
Some fireplace components incorporate a blower which transfers more of the fireplace's heat to the air via convection, leading to a more evenly heated space and a lower heating load. Fireplace efficiency can also be increased with the use of a fireback, a piece of metal which sits behind the fire and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally made from cast iron, but are also made from stainless steel. Efficiency is a complicated notion although with open hearth fireplaces. Most efficiency tests consider just the effect of heating of the air. An open fireplace is not, and never was, intended to warm the atmosphere. A fireplace with a fireback is a toaster, and has done so since the 15th century. The ideal method to gauge the output signal of a fireplace is in case you notice you are turning the thermostat down or up.
Most elderly fireplaces have a relatively low efficiency score. Standard, modern, wood-burning masonry fireplaces still possess an efficiency rating of at least 80% (legal minimum necessity for example in Salzburg/Austria). To improve efficiency, fireplaces can also be modified by adding special heavy fireboxes designed to burn much cleaner and may reach efficiencies as high as 80 percent in heating the air. These modified fireplaces are usually equipped with a massive fire window, allowing an efficient heating system in two phases. During the first stage the first heat is offered through a big glass window while the flame is burning. During this time the structure, built of refractory bricks, absorbs the warmth. This warmth is then evenly radiated for many hours during the second stage. Masonry fireplaces without a glass fire window only provide heat radiated from the surface. Depending on outside temperatures 1 to 2 daily firings are sufficient to guarantee a constant room temperature.linear fireplace
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