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Ancient fire pits were sometimes built from the ground, in caves, or at the middle of a hut or home. Evidence of prehistoric, man-made fires is present on all five inhabited continents. The disadvantage of early indoor fire pits was that they produced toxic and/or annoying smoke within the dwelling.Fire pits grown into raised hearths in buildings, but venting smoke relied on open windows or holes in roofs. The medieval great hall typically needed a centrally situated hearth, where an open flame burned with all the smoke rising to the vent in the roof. Louvers were developed throughout the Middle Ages to enable the roof vents to be covered so rain and snow would not enter.

Additionally throughout the Middle Ages, smoke canopies were devised to prevent smoke from spreading through a room and vent it outside through a ceiling or wall. These can be placed against rock walls, rather than taking up the middle of the room, and this allowed smaller rooms to be heated.Chimneys were invented in northern Europe from the 11th or 12th centuries and largely fixed the problem of fumes, more reliably venting smoke out. They made it possible to provide the fireplace a draft, and also made it feasible to place fireplaces in numerous rooms in buildings conveniently. They didn't come into general usage immediately, however, as they were expensive to develop and maintain.

In 1678 Prince Rupert, nephew of Charles I, raised the grate of the fireplace, improving the venting and airflow system. Benjamin Franklin developed a convection room for the fireplace which greatly improved the efficiency of fireplaces and wood stoves. In addition, he enhanced the airflow by pulling air from a cellar and venting out a longer place on very top. At the later 18th century, Count Rumford designed a fireplace with a tall, shallow firebox which has been better at drawing up the smoke and from the building. The shallow design improved greatly the amount of radiant warmth projected into the space. Rumford's design is the basis for modern kitchens.

Instead it depended on simple designs with small unnecessary ornamentation. From the 1890s the Aesthetic movement gave way to the Arts and Crafts movement, where the emphasis was still placed on supplying quality gems. Stone fireplaces at this time were a symbol of wealth, which to a degree remains the notion today.A fireplace is a structure made from brick, stone or metal made to include a fire. Fireplaces are used for its relaxing ambiance they create and for heating a room. Modern fireplaces change in heat efficiency, based upon the design.

Historically they were used for heating a home, cooking, and heating water for domestic and laundry uses. A fire is contained in a firebox or firepit; a chimney or other flue allows exhaust to escape.

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On the exterior there's often a corbeled brick crown, where the casting courses of brick act as a drip route to keep rainwater from running down the exterior walls. A hood, cap, or shroud functions to keep rainwater out of the outside of the chimney; rain at the chimney is a far greater problem in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metal liners compared with the standard masonry chimney, that divides up all but the rain. Some chimneys have a spark arrestor incorporated into the crown or cap.

Organizations like the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington Department of Ecology warn that, according to different studies, fireplaces can pose a substantial health threat. The EPA writes"Smoke may smell great, but it is not great for you.

Kinds of fireplacesManufactured fireplaces are made out of sheet glass or metal fire boxes.Electric fireplaces could be built-in replacements for wood or gas or retrofit with log inserts or electric fireboxes.

Masonry and prefabricated fireplaces can be fueled by wood, natural gas, biomass and gas fuel sources. Ventless Fireplaces (duct free/room-venting fireplaces) are fueled by either gel, liquid propane, bottled gas or natural gas. In the USA, some states and local businesses have laws restricting these types of fireplaces. There are also air quality management issues because of the quantity of moisture they discharge in the room atmosphere, and oxygen detector and carbon dioxide sensors are safety essentials. Direct vent fireplaces have been fueled by liquid propane or natural gas. They are completely sealed from the place that is heated, and port all exhaust gasses to the exterior of the structure.

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AccessoriesA wide assortment of accessories are used with fireplaces, which range between countries, regions, and historical periods. For the interior, common in recent Western civilizations comprise grates, fireguards, log boxes, andirons, bark baskets, along with fire dogs, all of which cradle fuel and accelerate burning. A grate (or flame grate) is a frame, usually of iron bars, to retain fuel to your fire. Heavy metal firebacks are sometimes utilized to catch and re-radiate heat, to protect the back of the fireplace, and as decoration. Fenders are low metal frames placed before the fireplace to include embers, soot and ashes.

As time passes, the purpose of fireplaces has transformed from one of requirement to one of visual interest. Early ones were more fire pits than contemporary fireplaces. They have been used for warmth on cold days and nights, in addition to for cooking. They also functioned as a gathering place within the home. These fire pits were usually based within a room, allowing more individuals to gather around it.

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Many flaws were found in early fireplace designs. Together with the Industrial Revolution, came large scale housing developments, requiring a standardization of fireplaces. The most famous fireplace designers of this time were the Adam Brothers. They perfected a style of fireplace design which was used for generations. It had been smaller, more brightly colored, with a emphasis on the quality of the materials used in their construction, as opposed to their dimensions.

By the 1800s newest fireplaces were made up of two components, the surround and the insert. The surround comprised of the mantlepiece and sides supports, usually in wood, marble or granite. The fit was where the fire burnt, and was built of cast iron often backed with ornamental tiles. As well as providing heat, the fireplaces of the Victorian era were believed to add a cozy ambiance to houses.

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Some fireplace components incorporate a blower which transports more of the fireplace's heat to the atmosphere via convection, resulting in a more evenly heated area and a decrease heating load. Fireplace efficiency is also enhanced by means of a fireback, a piece of metal that sits behind the flame and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally made from cast iron, but are also made from stainless steel. Efficiency is a complicated concept though with open hearth fireplaces. Most efficacy tests consider only the effect of heating of the atmosphere. An open fireplace isn't, and never was, designed to heat the atmosphere. The best way to estimate the output signal of a fireplace is in case you notice you are turning the thermostat up or down.

Most elderly fireplaces have a relatively low efficiency score. Standard, contemporary, weatherproof masonry fireplaces still possess an efficiency rating of at least 80% (legal minimum requirement for example in Salzburg/Austria). To improve efficiency, fireplaces may also be modified by inserting special heavy fireboxes designed to burn cleaner and may reach efficiencies as large as 80% in heating the air. These altered fireplaces are often equipped with a massive fire window, allowing an efficient heating process in two stages. During the first stage the initial heat is provided through a large glass while the flame is burning. During this time period the construction, built of refractory bricks, absorbs the warmth. This warmth is then evenly radiated for several hours during the next phase. Masonry fireplaces with no glass fire window only provide heat radiated from its surface. Based on temperatures 1 to two daily firings are enough to guarantee a constant room temperature.indoor fireplace