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Historical fire pits were sometimes built from the ground, in caves, or at the middle of a hut or home. Evidence of ancient, man-made flames exists on all five inhabited continents. The disadvantage of early indoor flame pits was that they produced toxic and/or annoying smoke inside the dwelling.Fire pits grown into elevated hearths in structures, but ventilation smoke relied on open windows or openings in roofs. The great hall typically had a centrally situated hearth, where an open flame burnt with the smoke climbing into the vent in the roof. Louvers were developed during the Middle Ages to enable the roof vents to be coated so rain and snow wouldn't enter.

Additionally during the Middle Ages, smoke canopies were invented to prevent smoke from spreading through a room and vent it out through a ceiling or wall. These could be put against rock walls, rather than taking up the middle of the space, and this allowed smaller rooms to be heated.Chimneys were invented in northern Europe in the 11th or 12th centuries and mostly fixed the problem of fumes, more faithfully venting smoke outside. They made it possible to give the fireplace a draft, and made it feasible to put fireplaces in multiple rooms in buildings conveniently. They did not come into general use immediately, however, as they were expensive to develop and maintain.

The 18th century saw two important developments in the history of fireplaces. Benjamin Franklin developed a convection room for the fireplace that greatly improved the efficacy of fireplaces and wood stoves. He also improved the airflow by pulling air from a cellar and venting a longer area on top. In the later 18th century, Count Rumford made a fireplace using a tall, shallow firebox that has been better at drawing up the smoke and from the construction. The shallow design also improved greatly the amount of radiant warmth projected to the room. Rumford's layout is the basis for modern kitchens.

Rather it relied on simple layouts with small unnecessary ornamentation. From the 1890s the Aesthetic movement gave way to the Arts and Crafts movement, where the emphasis was still placed on supplying quality gems. Stone fireplaces now have been a symbol of prosperity, which to some degree is still the notion today.A fireplace is a construction made of brick, stone or metal made to contain a fire. Fireplaces are utilized for its relaxing ambiance that they create and for heating a room. Modern fireplaces vary in heat efficacy, based upon the plan.

Historically they have been utilized for heating a home, cooking, and heating water for domestic and laundry uses.

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On the exterior there's frequently a corbeled brick crown, where the projecting courses of brick act as a drip course to keep rainwater from running down the outside walls. A cap, hood, or shroud serves to keep rainwater out of the exterior of the chimney; rain at the chimney is a far greater difficulty in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metal liners compared with the standard masonry chimney, which divides up all but the most violent rain. Some chimneys have a spark arrestor integrated into the cap or crown.

Organizations such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington Department of Ecology warn that, according to various studies, fireplaces can pose a significant health threat. The EPA writes"Smoke may smell great, but it is not good for you.

Types of fireplacesManufactured fireplaces are made out of sheet metal or glass fire boxes.Electric fireplaces can be built-in replacements for either wood or gas or retrofit with log inserts or electrical fireboxes.

In the United States, some states and local businesses have laws limiting these kinds of fireplaces. They need to be suitably sized to the area to be heated. Additionally, there are air quality management problems because of the amount of moisture that they release in the room atmosphere, and oxygen detector and carbon monoxide sensors are safety essentials. Direct vent fireplaces have been fueled by liquid propane or natural gas. They are totally sealed in the area that's heated, and port all exhaust gasses into the outside of the structure.

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AccessoriesFor the inside, common in recent Western civilizations comprise grates, fireguards, log boxes, andirons, pellet baskets, and fire dogs, all of which cradle fuel and accelerate burning. A grate (or fire grate) is a frame, usually of iron bars, to retain fuel for a fire. Heavy metal firebacks are occasionally used to catch and re-radiate warmth, to protect the rear of the fireplace, and as decoration. Fenders are low metallic frames set before the fireplace to include embers, soot and ash.

As time passes, the purpose of fireplaces has changed from one of requirement to one of visual interest. Early ones were fire pits compared to modern fireplaces. They were used for warmth on cold days and nights, as well as for cooking. They also served as a gathering place within the house. These fire pits were generally based within a room, allowing more individuals to gather around it.

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Many defects were found in early fireplace designs. The most famous fireplace designers of this time were the Adam Brothers. They perfected a kind of fireplace design which was used for generations. It had been smaller, more brightly colored, with an emphasis on the quality of the materials used in their construction, as opposed to their size.

By the 1800s most new fireplaces were composed of two components, the surround and the add. The surround comprised of the mantlepiece and sides affirms, usually in wood, granite or marble. The insert was fire burned, and was built of cast iron often backed with ornamental tiles. In addition to providing warmth, the fireplaces of the Victorian age were thought to add a cozy ambiance to houses.

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Some fireplace units incorporate a blower which transports more of the fireplace's heat to the atmosphere via convection, leading to a more evenly heated space and a lower heating load. Fireplace efficiency is also enhanced with the use of a fireback, a piece of metal which sits behind the fire and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally made from cast iron, but can also be manufactured from stainless steel. Efficiency is a complex concept although with open hearth fireplaces. Most efficiency tests consider just the impact of heating of the air. An open fireplace isn't, and never was, intended to warm the air. The best way to gauge the output of a fireplace is in case you notice you are turning the thermostat up or down.

Most elderly fireplaces have a comparatively low efficiency score. Standard, modern, wood-burning masonry fireplaces though have an efficiency rating of at least 80% (legal minimum requirement for example in Salzburg/Austria). To boost efficiency, fireplaces can also be altered by inserting special heavy fireboxes developed to burn cleaner and may reach efficiencies as large as 80% in heating the atmosphere. These modified fireplaces are often equipped with a large fire window, allowing an efficient heating system in two stages. During the first stage the initial heat is offered through a large glass while the fire is burning. In this time the construction, built of refractory bricks, absorbs the heat. This heat is then equally radiated for many hours during the next stage. Masonry fireplaces with no glass fire window only offer heat radiated from its surface. Based on temperatures 1 to 2 daily firings are sufficient to ensure a constant room temperature.direct vent gas fireplace