Ancient fire pits were sometimes built from the floor, in caves, or at the middle of a hut or dwelling. Evidence of prehistoric, man-made flames is present on all five inhabited continents. The drawback of premature indoor flame pits was that they produced hazardous or irritating smoke within the house.Fire pits grown into raised hearths in buildings, but ventilation smoke relied on open windows or holes in roofs. The medieval great hall typically needed a centrally situated hearth, where a open fire burnt with all the smoke climbing into the vent in the roof. Louvers were developed throughout the Middle Ages to enable the roof vents to be covered so rain and snow would not enter.
Additionally throughout the Middle Ages, smoke canopies were devised to stop smoke from spreading through a room and vent it out through a ceiling or wall. These can be put against rock walls, rather than taking up the center of the space, and this enabled smaller chambers to be heated.Chimneys were invented in northern Europe in the 11th or 12th centuries and largely fixed the problem of fumes, more reliably venting smoke outside. They made it possible to provide the fireplace a draft, and made it feasible to place fireplaces in multiple rooms in buildings handily. They didn't come into general usage instantly, however, since they were expensive to build and maintain.In 1678 Prince Rupert, nephew of Charles I, raised the grate of the fireplace, improving the venting and airflow system. Benjamin Franklin developed a convection room for the fireplace that greatly improved the efficiency of fireplaces and wood stoves. He also enhanced the airflow by pulling air from a cellar and venting a lengthier place on top. At the later 18th century, Count Rumford designed a fireplace using a tall, shallow firebox which was better at drawing the smoke up and out of the building. The shallow design improved greatly the quantity of radiant heat projected into the room. Rumford's layout is the basis for modern fireplaces.
Rather it relied on simple designs with little unnecessary ornamentation. In the 1890s the Aesthetic movement gave way to the Arts and Crafts movement, where the emphasis was placed on providing quality stone. Stone fireplaces now have been a symbol of wealth, which to some degree remains the notion today.A fireplace is a structure made from brick, stone or metal made to contain a fire. Fireplaces are used for the relaxing ambiance that they create and also for heating a room. Modern fireplaces change in heat efficacy, depending upon the plan.Historically they were used for heating a home, cooking, and heating water for laundry and domestic uses. A fire is contained in a firebox or firepit; a chimney or other flue allows exhaust to escape. A fireplace might have the following: a foundation, a hearth, a firebox, a mantelpiece; a chimney crane (used in kitchen and laundry fireplaces), a grate, a lintel, a lintel bar, house overmantel, a damper, a smoke chamber, a throat, a flue, and a chimney filter or afterburner.
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On the exterior there is often a corbeled brick crown, where the casting courses of brick function as a drip route to keep rainwater from running down the outside walls. A hood, cap, or shroud serves to keep rainwater out of the exterior of the chimney; rain in the chimney is a much greater difficulty in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metal liners than with the traditional masonry chimney, which divides up all but the rain. A few chimneys have a spark arrestor integrated into the cap or crown.
Organizations such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington Department of Ecology warn that, according to various studies, fireplaces can pose a substantial health threat. The EPA writes"Smoke may smell good, but it's not good for you.Types of fireplacesArtificial fireplaces are made out of sheet glass or metal flame boxes.Electric fireplaces could be built-in replacements for gas or wood or retrofit with log inserts or electrical fireboxes.A few types are, wall mounted electric fireplaces, electric fireplace stoves, electrical mantel fireplaces and fixed or free standing electric fireplaces.
Ventless Fireplaces (duct free/room-venting fireplaces) are fueled by gel, liquid propane, bottled gas or natural gas. In the United States, some states and local counties have laws limiting these types of fireplaces. They need to be properly sized to the area to be heated. Additionally, there are air quality management issues because of the quantity of moisture that they discharge into the room atmosphere, and oxygen detector and carbon monoxide sensors are safety essentials. Direct vent fireplaces have been fueled by either liquid propane or natural gas. They are completely sealed from the place that is heated, and port all exhaust gasses into the outside of the structure.
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Over time, the purpose of fireplaces has changed from one of necessity to one of visual interest. Early ones were more fire pits than modern fireplaces. They were used for warmth on chilly days and nights, in addition to for cooking. They also served as a gathering place within the home. These fire pits were generally centered within a room, allowing more people to gather around it.
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Many flaws were found in ancient fireplace designs. The most famous fireplace performers of this time were the Adam Brothers. They perfected a style of fireplace design which has been used for generations. It was smaller, more brightly lit, with an emphasis on the quality of the substances used in their construction, as opposed to their dimensions.
By the 1800s most new fireplaces were composed of two components, the surround as well as the add. The encircle consisted of the mantlepiece and sides supports, usually in wood, marble or granite. The fit was fire burnt, and was constructed of cast iron frequently backed with decorative tiles. As well as providing warmth, the fireplaces of the Victorian age were thought to bring a cozy ambiance into homes.How should I run wiring for my abovefireplace mounted TV? Home Improvement Stack Exchange Video
Some fireplace units incorporate a blower that transports more of the fireplace's heat to the atmosphere via convection, leading to a more evenly heated space and a decrease heating load. Fireplace efficiency can also be enhanced with the use of a fireback, a piece of metal which sits behind the flame and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally made from cast iron, but can also be made from stainless steel. Efficiency is a complex concept although with open hearth fireplaces. Most efficacy tests consider only the effect of heating of the air. An open fireplace is not, and never was, intended to warm the air. A fireplace with a fireback is a radiant heater, and has done so as the 15th century. The ideal method to estimate the output of a fireplace is if you notice you are turning the thermostat up or down.
Most older fireplaces have a comparatively low efficiency score. Standard, modern, wood-burning masonry fireplaces though have an efficiency rating of at least 80% (legal minimum requirement for example in Salzburg/Austria). To improve efficiency, fireplaces can also be altered by inserting special heavy fireboxes designed to burn cleaner and may reach efficiencies as high as 80% in heating the air. These altered fireplaces are often equipped with a large fire window, enabling an efficient heating system in two phases. During the first phase the first heat is provided through a large glass while the fire is burning. In this time period the structure, constructed of refractory bricks, absorbs the heat. This warmth is then equally radiated for several hours during the second phase. Masonry fireplaces without a glass fire window just offer heat radiated from its surface. Depending on temperatures 1 to 2 daily firings are sufficient to ensure a constant room temperature.mounting tv above fireplace
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