Ancient fire pits were sometimes constructed in the floor, in caves, or in the center of a hut or dwelling. Evidence of ancient, man-made flames exists on all five inhabited continents. The drawback of early indoor flame pits was that they generated toxic and/or irritating smoke inside the house.Fire pits grown into raised hearths in buildings, but venting smoke relied on open windows or openings in roofs. The great hall typically had a centrally situated hearth, where an open fire burned with all the smoke rising to the port in the roof. Louvers were developed during the Middle Ages to enable the roof vents to be covered so snow and rain would not enter.
Also throughout the Middle Ages, smoke canopies were invented to prevent smoke from spreading through an area and vent it outside through a ceiling or wall. These could be put against stone walls, instead of taking up the center of the room, and this enabled smaller rooms to be heated.Chimneys were invented in northern Europe in the 11th or 12th centuries and mostly fixed the problem of fumes, more faithfully venting smoke outside. They made it feasible to give the fireplace a draft, and also made it possible to place fireplaces in numerous rooms in buildings handily. They did not come into general usage immediately, however, since they were expensive to develop and maintain.The 18th century saw two major developments in the history of fireplaces. Benjamin Franklin developed a convection chamber for the fireplace that greatly improved the efficacy of fireplaces and wood stoves. He also improved the airflow by pulling air from a basement and venting a lengthier area at the very top. At the later 18th century, Count Rumford made a fireplace with a tall, shallow firebox which has been better at drawing the smoke up and out of the building. The shallow design also improved greatly the amount of radiant warmth projected to the space. Rumford's layout is the foundation for modern kitchens.
The Aesthetic movement of the 1870s and 1880s took to a more conventional spectra based on stone and also deflected unnecessary ornamentation. Instead it depended on simple layouts with little unnecessary ornamentation. From the 1890s the Aesthetic movement gave way into the Arts and Crafts movement, in which the emphasis was still placed on providing quality stone. Stone fireplaces now have been a sign of wealth, which to a degree remains the idea today.A fireplace is a construction made from brick, stone or metal designed to contain a fire. Fireplaces are utilized for the relaxing ambiance they create and for heating a room. Modern fireplaces vary in heat efficacy, depending upon the design.Historically they have been used for heating a home, cooking, and heating water for laundry and domestic uses. A fireplace might have the following: a foundation, a hearth, a firebox, a mantelpiece; a chimney (utilized in laundry and kitchen fireplaces), a grate, a lintel, a lintel bar, house overmantel, a damper, a smoke chamber, a neck, a flue, and a chimney filter or afterburner.
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On the exterior there's often a corbeled brick crown, where the casting courses of brick function as a drip course to keep rainwater from running down the outside walls. A hood, cap, or shroud serves to keep rainwater from the outside of the chimney; rain in the chimney is a far greater problem in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metal liners than with the traditional masonry chimney, that divides up all but the most violent rain. Some chimneys have a spark arrestor incorporated into the crown or cap.
The EPA writes"Smoke may smell good, but it is not great for you.Types of fireplacesArtificial fireplaces are made with sheet glass or metal fire boxes.Electric fireplaces can be built-in replacements for either gas or wood or retrofit with log inserts or electrical fireboxes.
Masonry and prefabricated fireplaces can be fueled by wood, natural gas, biomass and propane fuel sources. Ventless Fireplaces (duct free/room-venting fireplaces) are fueled by either gel, liquid propane, bottled gas or natural gas. In the United States, several states and local businesses have laws limiting these types of fireplaces. Additionally, there are air quality control issues because of the amount of moisture that they discharge into the room atmosphere, and oxygen sensor and carbon monoxide sensors are security essentials. Direct vent fireplaces have been fueled by liquid propane or natural gas. They are completely sealed in the area that is heated, and vent all exhaust gasses into the exterior of the structure.
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As time passes, the intent behind fireplaces has transformed from one of necessity to one of interest. Early ones were more fire pits compared to contemporary fireplaces. They have been used for warmth on chilly days and nights, in addition to for cooking. They also served as a gathering place within the home. These fire pits were generally centered within a room, allowing more people to collect around it.
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Many defects were found in early fireplace designs. Together with the Industrial Revolution, came big scale housing developments, requiring a standardization of fireplaces. The most renowned fireplace performers of the time were the Adam Brothers. They perfected a kind of fireplace design that was used for generations. It had been smaller, more brightly lit, with a emphasis on the level of the materials used in their construction, instead of their size.
From the 1800s newest fireplaces were composed of 2 components, the surround and the insert. The encircle comprised of the mantlepiece and sides supports, typically in wood, marble or granite. The insert was where the fire burnt, and was built of cast iron frequently backed with decorative tiles. In addition to providing warmth, the fireplaces of the Victorian era were believed to bring a cozy ambiance into houses.How to Build a Fireplace Mantel With Reclaimed Timbers howtos DIY Video
Some fireplace units incorporate a blower which transports more of the fireplace's heat to the atmosphere via convection, resulting in a more evenly heated space and a decrease heating load. Fireplace efficiency is also increased by means of a fireback, a sheet of metal that sits behind the flame and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally produced from cast iron, but are also manufactured from stainless steel. Efficiency is a complex concept although with open hearth fireplaces. Most efficiency tests consider only the effect of heating of the atmosphere. An open fireplace is not, and never was, intended to heat the atmosphere. A fireplace with a fireback is a toaster, and has done so since the 15th century. The best way to gauge the output of a fireplace is if you detect you're turning the thermostat up or down.
Most elderly fireplaces have a comparatively low efficiency score. Standard, contemporary, weatherproof masonry fireplaces still possess an efficiency rating of at least 80% (legal minimum necessity for example in Salzburg/Austria). To improve efficiency, fireplaces may also be modified by adding special heavy fireboxes designed to burn cleaner and can reach efficiencies as large as 80% in heating the atmosphere. These modified fireplaces are usually equipped with a large fire window, allowing an efficient heating system in two stages. During the first stage the initial heat is offered through a big glass window while the fire is burning. In this time the structure, constructed of refractory bricks, absorbs the heat. This heat is then evenly radiated for many hours during the second phase. Masonry fireplaces with no glass fire window just provide heat radiated from its surface. Based on temperatures 1 to two daily firings are sufficient to ensure a constant room temperature.how to build a fireplace
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