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Ancient fire pits were sometimes built from the ground, within caves, or in the middle of a hut or dwelling. Evidence of ancient, man-made fires exists on all five inhabited continents. The drawback of premature indoor flame pits was that they produced hazardous or annoying smoke inside the dwelling.Fire pits grown into raised hearths in buildings, but venting smoke depended on open windows or openings in roofs. The medieval great hall typically needed a centrally situated hearth, where an open fire burnt with the smoke rising to the port in the roof. Louvers were developed during the Middle Ages to enable the roof vents to be covered so snow and rain would not enter.

Also during the Middle Ages, smoke canopies were devised to stop smoke from spreading through an area and vent it out via a wall or roof. These can be placed against rock walls, instead of taking up the middle of the room, and this enabled smaller chambers to be heated.Chimneys were invented in northern Europe from the 11th or 12th centuries and largely fixed the problem of fumes, more faithfully venting smoke out. They made it feasible to give the fireplace a draft, and also made it possible to place fireplaces in multiple rooms in buildings handily. They did not come into general usage immediately, however, since they were more expensive to develop and maintain.

In 1678 Prince Rupert, nephew of Charles I, raised the grate of the fireplace, improving the venting and airflow system. The 18th century saw two major developments in the history of fireplaces. Benjamin Franklin developed a convection chamber for the fireplace which greatly improved the efficiency of fireplaces and wood stoves. In addition, he improved the airflow by pulling air from a basement and venting out a lengthier place at the very top. In the later 18th century, Count Rumford designed a fireplace using a tall, shallow firebox that was better at drawing up the smoke and out of the building. The shallow design also improved greatly the amount of radiant warmth projected into the room. Rumford's design is the foundation for modern fireplaces.

Rather it relied on simple designs with small unnecessary ornamentation. From the 1890s the Aesthetic movement gave way into the Arts and Crafts movement, where the emphasis was still placed on supplying quality stone. Stone fireplaces at this time have been a sign of prosperity, which to a degree is still the idea today.A fireplace is a construction made of brick, stone or metal made to include a fire. Fireplaces are utilized for the relaxing ambiance they create and also for heating a room. Modern fireplaces vary in heat efficiency, based upon the plan.

Historically they have been utilized for heating a dwelling, cooking, and heating water for domestic and laundry uses.

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On the exterior there's frequently a corbeled brick crown, where the casting courses of brick function as a drip course to keep rainwater from running down the outside walls. A hood, cap, or shroud serves to keep rainwater out of the exterior of the chimney; rain at the chimney is a far larger difficulty in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metallic liners compared with the traditional masonry chimney, which soaks up all but the rain. A few chimneys have a spark arrestor integrated into the cap or crown.

The EPA writes"Smoke may smell good, but it is not great for you.

Types of fireplacesArtificial fireplaces are made with sheet glass or metal flame boxes.Electric fireplaces could be built-in replacements for either wood or gas or retrofit with log inserts or electric fireboxes.

Masonry and prefabricated fireplaces can be fueled by wood, natural gas, biomass and propane fuel sources. Ventless Fireplaces (duct free/room-venting fireplaces) are fueled by gel, liquid propane, bottled gas or natural gas. In the United States, several states and local businesses have laws restricting these types of fireplaces. They must be properly sized to the area to be heated. There are also air quality management issues because of the amount of moisture they release in the room air, and oxygen sensor and carbon monoxide sensors are safety essentials. Direct vent fireplaces are fueled by liquid propane or natural gas. They are completely sealed from the area that's heated, and port all exhaust gasses to the outside of the structure.

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AccessoriesFor the interior, common in recent Western civilizations comprise grates, fireguards, log boxes, andirons, pellet baskets, and fire puppies, all of which cradle gas and quicken burning. A grate (or fire grate) is a framework, usually of iron bars, to retain fuel for a fire. Heavy metal firebacks are sometimes utilized to catch and re-radiate warmth, to safeguard the rear of the fireplace, and as decoration. Fenders are low metallic frames set before the fireplace to include embers, soot and ashes.

Over time, the intent behind fireplaces has changed from one of necessity to one of interest. Early ones were fire pits than contemporary fireplaces. They have been used for heat on chilly days and nights, as well as for cooking. They also served as a gathering place inside the house. These fire pits were usually based within a room, allowing more individuals to gather around it.

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Many flaws were found in ancient fireplace designs. The most famous fireplace performers of the period were the Adam Brothers. They perfected a style of fireplace design that has been used for generations. It was smaller, more brightly colored, with a emphasis on the quality of the materials used in their construction, instead of their size.

By the 1800s most new fireplaces were made up of 2 parts, the surround and the insert. The encircle consisted of the mantlepiece and sides supports, typically in wood, granite or marble. The insert was fire burned, and was constructed of cast iron frequently backed with ornamental tiles. In addition to providing warmth, the fireplaces of the Victorian age were believed to bring a cozy ambiance to houses.

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Some fireplace components include a blower which transfers more of the fireplace's heat to the atmosphere via convection, leading to a more evenly heated space and a lower heating load. Fireplace efficiency can also be enhanced by means of a fireback, a sheet of metal that sits behind the fire and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally made from cast iron, but can also be manufactured from stainless steel. Efficiency is a complicated concept though with open hearth fireplaces. Most efficacy tests consider only the effect of heating of the atmosphere. An open fireplace is not, and never was, designed to heat the atmosphere. A fireplace with a fireback is a radiant heater, and has done so since the 15th century. The ideal method to gauge the output signal of a fireplace is if you notice you are turning the thermostat up or down.

Most older fireplaces have a comparatively low efficiency score. Standard, modern, wood-burning masonry fireplaces though have an efficiency rating of 80% (legal minimum necessity such as in Salzburg/Austria). To improve efficiency, fireplaces may also be modified by adding special heavy fireboxes designed to burn much cleaner and may reach efficiencies as high as 80% in heating the air. These modified fireplaces are often equipped with a large fire window, allowing an efficient heating system in two stages. During the first stage the first heat is offered through a large glass while the fire is burning. In this time the structure, constructed of refractory bricks, absorbs the heat. This heat is then equally radiated for many hours during the second stage. Masonry fireplaces without a glass fire window only offer heat radiated from the surface. Depending on temperatures 1 to two daily firings are enough to ensure a constant room temperature.modern fireplace