Ancient fire pits were sometimes constructed in the ground, within caves, or at the center of a hut or home. Evidence of prehistoric, man-made flames exists on all five inhabited continents. The drawback of early indoor fire pits was that they produced hazardous or annoying smoke within the dwelling.Fire pits grown into raised hearths in structures, but venting smoke relied on open windows or openings in roofs. The great hall typically needed a centrally located hearth, where a open fire burnt with all the smoke rising to the port in the roof. Louvers were developed throughout the Middle Ages to allow the roof vents to be covered so rain and snow wouldn't enter.
Additionally during the Middle Ages, smoke canopies were invented to stop smoke from dispersing an area and vent it outside through a ceiling or wall. These could be placed against stone walls, rather than taking up the middle of the space, and this allowed smaller rooms to be warmed.Chimneys were devised in northern Europe from the 11th or 12th centuries and largely fixed the problem of fumes, more faithfully venting smoke out. They made it possible to provide the fireplace a draft, and also made it possible to place fireplaces in multiple rooms in buildings handily. They did not come into general usage instantly, however, since they were more expensive to develop and maintain.Benjamin Franklin developed a convection chamber for the fireplace which greatly improved the efficiency of fireplaces and wood stoves. In addition, he enhanced the airflow by pulling air from a cellar and venting a lengthier place on top. In the later 18th century, Count Rumford designed a fireplace with a tall, shallow firebox that was better at drawing up the smoke and from the building. The shallow design improved greatly the amount of radiant warmth projected to the room. Rumford's design is the basis for modern fireplaces.
Rather it depended on simple designs with small unnecessary ornamentation. From the 1890s the Aesthetic movement gave way to the Arts and Crafts movement, in which the emphasis was placed on providing quality gems. Stone fireplaces at this time were a symbol of wealth, which to some degree remains the notion today.A fireplace is a structure made from brick, stone or metal designed to contain a fire. Fireplaces are utilized for the relaxing ambiance they create and for heating a room. Modern fireplaces change in heat efficacy, depending on the plan.Historically they were used for heating a home, cooking, and heating water for domestic and laundry uses. A fire is contained in a firebox or firepit; a chimney or other flue allows exhaust to escape.
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On the exterior there is frequently a corbeled brick crown, in which the casting courses of brick act as a drip route to keep rainwater from running down the exterior walls. A hood, cap, or shroud serves to keep rainwater out of the exterior of the chimney; rain in the chimney is a far larger problem in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metal liners than with the traditional masonry chimney, that divides up all but the rain. Some chimneys have a spark arrestor integrated into the crown or cap.
Organizations such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington Department of Ecology warn that, according to various studies, fireplaces could pose a substantial health risk. The EPA writes"Smoke may smell good, but it is not good for you.Kinds of fireplacesManufactured fireplaces are made with sheet metal or glass fire boxes.Electric fireplaces could be built-in replacements for wood or gas or retrofit with log inserts or electric fireboxes.A few types are, wall mounted electric fireplaces, electric fireplace stoves, electrical mantel fireplaces and fixed or free standing gas fireplaces.
In the United States, some states and local counties have laws restricting these kinds of fireplaces. Additionally, there are air quality management problems due to the amount of moisture they release in the room atmosphere, and oxygen detector and carbon monoxide sensors are safety essentials. Direct vent fireplaces have been fueled by either liquid propane or natural gas. They are completely sealed in the place that's heated, and port all exhaust gasses into the exterior of the structure.
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Over time, the intent behind fireplaces has transformed from one of necessity to one of visual interest. Early ones were more fire pits than modern fireplaces. They were used for warmth on cold days and nights, as well as for cooking. They also functioned as a gathering place inside the home. These fire pits were usually centered within a space, allowing more people to collect around it.
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Many flaws were found in ancient fireplace designs. Along with the Industrial Revolution, came big scale housing developments, necessitating a standardization of fireplaces. The most renowned fireplace designers of the period were the Adam Brothers. They perfected a style of fireplace design that was used for generations. It was smaller, more brightly lit, with an emphasis on the level of the materials used in their construction, instead of their dimensions.
From the 1800s newest fireplaces were made up of two components, the surround as well as the add. The surround comprised of the mantlepiece and sides affirms, typically in wood, granite or marble. The insert was where the fire burned, and was constructed of cast iron often backed with ornamental tiles. In addition to providing warmth, the fireplaces of the Victorian era were thought to add a cozy ambiance into homes.Contemporary Fireplace Mantel Surrounds Video
Some fireplace units incorporate a blower that transports more of the fireplace's heat to the atmosphere via convection, leading to a more evenly heated area and a decrease heating load. Fireplace efficiency is also increased by means of a fireback, a sheet of metal that sits behind the fire and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally made from cast iron, but are also manufactured from stainless steel. Efficiency is a complex concept although with open hearth fireplaces. Most efficacy tests consider only the effect of heating of the air. An open fireplace is not, and never was, intended to heat the air. The best method to estimate the output of a fireplace is if you notice you are turning the thermostat up or down.
Most older fireplaces have a relatively low efficiency score. Standard, contemporary, weatherproof masonry fireplaces still possess an efficiency rating of at least 80% (legal minimum necessity such as in Salzburg/Austria). To boost efficiency, fireplaces may also be modified by adding special heavy fireboxes developed to burn cleaner and can reach efficiencies as high as 80 percent in heating the air. These modified fireplaces are often equipped with a massive fire window, enabling an efficient heating system in two phases. During the first stage the first heat is provided through a big glass while the flame is burning. During this time period the construction, constructed of refractory bricks, absorbs the warmth. This warmth is then evenly radiated for several hours during the next phase. Masonry fireplaces with no glass fire window only provide heat radiated from the surface. Based on outside temperatures 1 to 2 daily firings are enough to ensure a constant room temperature.fireplace mantels and surrounds
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