Ancient fire pits were sometimes built in the ground, within caves, or at the middle of a hut or dwelling. Evidence of ancient, man-made flames is present on all five inhabited continents. The drawback of premature indoor flame pits was that they generated toxic and/or irritating smoke within the dwelling.Fire pits developed into raised hearths in buildings, but ventilation smoke relied on open windows or holes in roofs. The medieval great hall typically had a centrally situated hearth, where an open flame burned with all the smoke rising to the port in the roof. Louvers were developed during the Middle Ages to enable the roof vents to be covered so rain and snow would not enter.
Also throughout the Middle Ages, smoke canopies were devised to stop smoke from dispersing a room and vent it outside through a wall or roof. These can be placed against rock walls, rather than taking up the middle of the room, and this enabled smaller rooms to be heated.Chimneys were devised in northern Europe from the 11th or 12th centuries and mostly fixed the issue of fumes, more reliably venting smoke outside. They made it possible to give the fireplace a draft, and also made it feasible to put fireplaces in multiple rooms in buildings conveniently. They didn't come into general usage immediately, however, as they were expensive to develop and maintain.In 1678 Prince Rupert, nephew of Charles I, increased the grate of the fireplace, improving the airflow and venting system. The 18th century saw two major developments in the history of fireplaces. Benjamin Franklin developed a convection room for the fireplace that greatly enhanced the efficacy of fireplaces and wood stoves. He also enhanced the airflow by pulling air from a basement and venting a lengthier place on top. In the later 18th century, Count Rumford designed a fireplace with a tall, shallow firebox which has been better at drawing up the smoke and from the building. The shallow design also improved greatly the amount of radiant warmth projected to the room. Rumford's layout is the basis for modern kitchens.
The Aesthetic movement of the 1870s and 1880s took to a more conventional spectra based on stone and also deflected unnecessary ornamentation. Instead it relied on simple designs with little unnecessary ornamentation. From the 1890s the Aesthetic movement gave way into the Arts and Crafts movement, where the emphasis was still placed on providing quality stone. Stone fireplaces at this time have been a sign of prosperity, which to a degree is still the idea today.A fireplace is a structure made of brick, stone or metal designed to contain a fire. Fireplaces are utilized for the relaxing ambiance they create and for heating a room. Modern fireplaces change in heat efficiency, based upon the design.Historically they were utilized for heating a dwelling, cooking, and heating water for laundry and domestic uses. A fireplace may have the following: a base, a hearth, a firebox, a mantelpiece; a chimney crane (used in kitchen and laundry fireplaces), a grate, a lintel, a lintel bar, house overmantel, a damper, a smoke chamber, a neck, a flue, and a chimney filter or afterburner.
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On the exterior there's often a corbeled brick crown, where the casting courses of brick act as a drip route to keep rainwater from running down the exterior walls. A cap, hood, or shroud serves to keep rainwater from the outside of the chimney; rain at the chimney is a far greater problem in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metal liners compared with the standard masonry chimney, which divides up all but the rain. A few chimneys have a spark arrestor incorporated into the crown or cap.
The EPA writes"Smoke may smell good, but it's not great for you.Types of fireplacesManufactured fireplaces are made out of sheet glass or metal fire boxes.Electric fireplaces can be built-in replacements for wood or gas or retrofit with log inserts or electric fireboxes.A couple of types are, wall mounted electric fireplaces, electric fireplace stoves, electric mantel fireplaces and fixed or free standing electric fireplaces.
In the USA, several states and local businesses have laws limiting these types of fireplaces. They need to be properly sized to the area to be heated. Additionally, there are air quality control issues due to the amount of moisture they release into the room air, and oxygen sensor and carbon dioxide sensors are safety essentials. Direct vent fireplaces have been fueled by either liquid propane or natural gas. They are completely sealed from the place that is heated, and vent all exhaust gasses to the exterior of the structure.
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Over time, the intent behind fireplaces has changed from one of necessity to one of visual interest. Early ones were more fire pits compared to modern fireplaces. They were used for warmth on chilly days and nights, in addition to for cooking. They also functioned as a gathering place inside the home. These fire pits were generally based within a room, allowing more people to gather around it.
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Many defects were found in early fireplace designs. The most renowned fireplace performers of this period were the Adam Brothers. They perfected a style of fireplace design that was used for generations. It was smaller, more brightly lit, with a emphasis on the level of the substances used in their construction, as opposed to their size.
By the 1800s newest fireplaces were made up of 2 components, the surround as well as the add. The encircle comprised of the mantlepiece and sides affirms, usually in wood, granite or marble. The fit was where the fire burned, and was built of cast iron often backed with decorative tiles. In addition to providing warmth, the fireplaces of the Victorian era were believed to bring a cozy ambiance to houses.Fireplaceinsert.com, Pearl Mantels Blue Ridge Fireplace Mantel Surround Video
Some fireplace units include a blower that transports more of the fireplace's heat to the air via convection, resulting in a more evenly heated space and a decrease heating load. Fireplace efficiency can also be increased with the use of a fireback, a piece of metal that sits behind the fire and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally made from cast iron, but can also be made from stainless steel. Efficiency is a complicated concept though with open hearth fireplaces. Most efficacy tests consider only the effect of heating of the air. An open fireplace is not, and never was, intended to warm the air. A fireplace with a fireback is a radiant heater, and has done so as the 15th century. The ideal method to estimate the output of a fireplace is if you detect you are turning the thermostat down or up.
Most elderly fireplaces have a comparatively low efficiency rating. Standard, contemporary, weatherproof masonry fireplaces though have an efficiency rating of 80% (legal minimum necessity for example in Salzburg/Austria). To improve efficiency, fireplaces can also be altered by adding special heavy fireboxes designed to burn much cleaner and may reach efficiencies as high as 80 percent in heating the air. These modified fireplaces are usually equipped with a massive fire window, enabling an efficient heating process in two stages. During the first stage the initial heat is provided through a big glass while the flame is burning. In this time the structure, constructed of refractory bricks, absorbs the heat. This warmth is then equally radiated for many hours during the next phase. Masonry fireplaces without a glass fire window only provide heat radiated from its surface. Depending on outside temperatures 1 to 2 daily firings are enough to ensure a constant room temperature.fireplace surround
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