Historical fire pits were sometimes built from the floor, in caves, or in the center of a hut or dwelling. Evidence of ancient, man-made flames is present on all five inhabited continents. The drawback of early indoor flame pits was that they generated hazardous or irritating smoke within the house.Fire pits grown into raised hearths in structures, but ventilation smoke relied on open windows or openings in roofs. The medieval great hall typically needed a centrally situated hearth, where a open flame burned with all the smoke climbing into the port in the roof. Louvers were developed throughout the Middle Ages to enable the roof vents to be covered so rain and snow would not enter.
Additionally during the Middle Ages, smoke canopies were invented to prevent smoke from dispersing an area and vent it outside through a wall or roof. These could be put against stone walls, rather than taking up the center of the space, and this allowed smaller rooms to be heated.Chimneys were devised in northern Europe in the 11th or 12th centuries and mostly fixed the problem of fumes, more faithfully venting smoke out. They made it possible to give the fireplace a draft, and also made it possible to put fireplaces in multiple rooms in buildings conveniently. They did not come into general usage immediately, however, as they were more expensive to develop and maintain.In 1678 Prince Rupert, nephew of Charles I, raised the grate of the fireplace, improving the airflow and venting system. The 18th century saw two major developments in the history of fireplaces. Benjamin Franklin developed a convection chamber for the fireplace which greatly improved the efficacy of fireplaces and wood stoves. He also enhanced the airflow by pulling air from a basement and venting a lengthier area at the very top. At the later 18th century, Count Rumford made a fireplace with a tall, shallow firebox that was better at drawing up the smoke and from the building. The shallow design also improved greatly the amount of radiant heat projected into the space. Rumford's design is the basis for modern fireplaces.
The Aesthetic movement of the 1870s and 1880s took on a more traditional spectra based on rock and deflected unnecessary ornamentation. Rather it depended on simple designs with small unnecessary ornamentation. In the 1890s the Aesthetic movement gave way into the Arts and Crafts movement, where the emphasis was still placed on providing quality stone. Stone fireplaces at this time were a sign of prosperity, which to some degree remains the idea today.A fireplace is a construction made of brick, stone or metal made to contain a fire. Fireplaces are used for its relaxing ambiance they create and also for heating a space. Modern fireplaces vary in heat efficiency, depending on the design.Historically they have been used for heating a dwelling, cooking, and heating water for domestic and laundry uses. A fire is contained in a firebox or firepit; a chimney or other flue allows exhaust to escape. A fireplace might have the following: a foundation, a hearth, a firebox, a mantelpiece; a chimney (utilized in kitchen and laundry fireplaces), a grate, a lintel, a lintel bar, house overmantel, a damper, a smoke room, a neck, a flue, and a chimney filter or afterburner.
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On the exterior there is often a corbeled brick crown, where the casting courses of brick function as a drip route to keep rainwater from running down the outside walls. A cap, hood, or shroud functions to keep rainwater from the exterior of the chimney; rain at the chimney is a far larger problem in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metal liners than with the standard masonry chimney, which soaks up all but the rain. Some chimneys have a spark arrestor integrated into the crown or cap.
Organizations like the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington Department of Ecology warn that, according to different studies, fireplaces can pose a significant health risk. The EPA writes"Smoke may smell great, but it is not great for you.Kinds of fireplacesArtificial fireplaces are made with sheet glass or metal fire boxes.Electric fireplaces could be built-in replacements for either wood or gas or retrofit with log inserts or electrical fireboxes.
Masonry and prefabricated fireplaces can be fueled by wood, natural gas, biomass and propane fuel sources. Ventless Fireplaces (duct free/room-venting fireplaces) are fueled by either gel, liquid propane, bottled gas or natural gas. In the United States, some states and local counties have laws limiting these types of fireplaces. There are also air quality control issues due to the amount of moisture that they discharge in the room air, and oxygen sensor and carbon monoxide sensors are safety essentials. Direct vent fireplaces have been fueled by either liquid propane or natural gas. They are totally sealed from the place that's heated, and vent all exhaust gasses to the exterior of the structure.
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Over time, the intent behind fireplaces has changed from one of requirement to one of interest. Early ones were more fire pits compared to modern fireplaces. They have been used for warmth on chilly days and nights, as well as for cooking. They also functioned as a gathering place inside the home. These fire pits were generally centered within a room, allowing more people to gather around it.
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Wood Mantels, Fireplace Surrounds, and Shelving
Many flaws were found in early fireplace designs. The most famous fireplace performers of the period were the Adam Brothers. They perfected a kind of fireplace design that was used for generations. It had been smaller, more brightly colored, with an emphasis on the quality of the materials used in their construction, instead of their dimensions.
By the 1800s most new fireplaces were made up of 2 parts, the surround as well as the insert. The surround comprised of the mantlepiece and sides supports, typically in wood, marble or granite. The fit was where the fire burned, and was constructed of cast iron frequently backed with decorative tiles. As well as providing heat, the fireplaces of the Victorian age were thought to bring a cozy ambiance to houses.Wood Mantels, Fireplace Surrounds, and Shelving Video
Some fireplace components incorporate a blower which transports more of the fireplace's heat to the atmosphere via convection, resulting in a more evenly heated area and a decrease heating load. Fireplace efficiency can also be increased with the use of a fireback, a sheet of metal that sits behind the flame and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally produced from cast iron, but are also made from stainless steel. Efficiency is a complex concept though with open hearth fireplaces. Most efficacy tests consider only the impact of heating of the air. An open fireplace isn't, and never was, designed to warm the atmosphere. The ideal way to estimate the output of a fireplace is if you notice you are turning the thermostat down or up.
Most older fireplaces have a comparatively low efficiency rating. Standard, contemporary, weatherproof masonry fireplaces still possess an efficiency rating of at least 80% (legal minimum necessity such as in Salzburg/Austria). To improve efficiency, fireplaces can also be modified by inserting special heavy fireboxes developed to burn much cleaner and can reach efficiencies as high as 80% in heating the atmosphere. These modified fireplaces are often equipped with a massive fire window, enabling an efficient heating system in two phases. During the first stage the first heat is provided through a large glass window while the flame is burning. In this time period the structure, constructed of refractory bricks, absorbs the warmth. This warmth is then evenly radiated for several hours during the second phase. Masonry fireplaces without a glass fire window just provide heat radiated from the surface. Depending on temperatures 1 to two daily firings are enough to ensure a constant room temperature.fireplace
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