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Historical fire pits were sometimes built from the floor, within caves, or at the center of a hut or dwelling. Evidence of prehistoric, man-made flames is present on all five inhabited continents. The disadvantage of premature indoor fire pits was that they generated hazardous or irritating smoke inside the dwelling.Fire pits grown into elevated hearths in structures, but venting smoke depended on open windows or holes in roofs. The great hall typically had a centrally situated hearth, where a open flame burned with the smoke rising to the vent in the roof. Louvers were developed throughout the Middle Ages to enable the roof vents to be covered so snow and rain wouldn't enter.

Additionally during the Middle Ages, smoke canopies were devised to prevent smoke from spreading through an area and vent it outside through a wall or roof. These can be placed against stone walls, instead of taking up the center of the room, and this enabled smaller chambers to be warmed.Chimneys were devised in northern Europe in the 11th or 12th centuries and mostly fixed the problem of fumes, more reliably venting smoke outside. They made it feasible to give the fireplace a draft, and made it possible to place fireplaces in multiple rooms in buildings conveniently. They didn't come into general use instantly, however, since they were expensive to build and maintain.

In 1678 Prince Rupert, nephew of Charles I, increased the grate of the fireplace, improving the airflow and venting system. Benjamin Franklin developed a convection room for the fireplace that greatly enhanced the efficiency of fireplaces and wood stoves. He also improved the airflow by pulling air from a cellar and venting a longer area on top. At the later 18th century, Count Rumford made a fireplace with a tall, shallow firebox which has been better at drawing up the smoke and out of the building. The shallow design improved greatly the amount of radiant warmth projected into the room. Rumford's layout is the basis for modern fireplaces.

Rather it depended on simple designs with small unnecessary ornamentation. From the 1890s the Aesthetic movement gave way into the Arts and Crafts movement, where the emphasis was still placed on supplying quality gems. Stone fireplaces at this time have been a symbol of wealth, which to some degree is still the notion today.A fireplace is a structure made of brick, stone or metal made to include a fire. Fireplaces are utilized for its relaxing ambiance that they create and for heating a space. Modern fireplaces change in heat efficacy, based upon the design.

Historically they were used for heating a dwelling, cooking, and heating water for domestic and laundry uses. A fireplace might have the following: a base, a hearth, a firebox, a mantelpiece; a chimney (utilized in kitchen and laundry fireplaces), a grate, a lintel, a lintel bar, home overmantel, a damper, a smoke room, a throat, a flue, and a chimney filter or afterburner.

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On the exterior there's frequently a corbeled brick crown, where the casting courses of brick act as a drip course to keep rainwater from running down the outside walls. A hood, cap, or shroud serves to keep rainwater from the exterior of the chimney; rain at the chimney is a much larger problem in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metallic liners compared with the standard masonry chimney, that soaks up all but the most violent rain. Some chimneys have a spark arrestor incorporated into the crown or cap.

Organizations like the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington Department of Ecology warn that, according to various studies, fireplaces can pose a significant health risk. The EPA writes"Smoke may smell great, but it is not good for you.

Kinds of fireplacesArtificial fireplaces are made out of sheet glass or metal fire boxes.Electric fireplaces could be built-in replacements for either gas or wood or retrofit with log inserts or electric fireboxes.

Masonry and prefabricated fireplaces can be fueled by wood, natural gas, biomass and gas fuel sources. In the United States, some states and local businesses have laws limiting these kinds of fireplaces. They need to be suitably sized to the area to be heated. There are also air quality control problems due to the quantity of moisture that they release into the room air, and oxygen detector and carbon dioxide sensors are safety essentials. Direct vent fireplaces are fueled by liquid propane or natural gas. They are totally sealed in the area that is heated, and vent all exhaust gasses to the outside of the structure.

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AccessoriesFor the interior, common in current Western cultures comprise grates, fireguards, log boxes, andirons, pellet baskets, and fire dogs, all which cradle gas and quicken burning. A grate (or fire grate) is a frame, usually of iron bars, to retain fuel to your fire. Heavy metallic firebacks are sometimes used to catch and re-radiate heat, to protect the rear of the fireplace, and as decoration. Fenders are low metallic frames placed in front of the fireplace to contain embers, soot and ashes.

As time passes, the intent behind fireplaces has transformed from one of requirement to one of interest. Early ones were fire pits compared to modern fireplaces. They have been used for heat on chilly days and nights, as well as for cooking. They also functioned as a gathering place within the home. These fire pits were usually centered within a room, allowing more individuals to collect around it.

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Many flaws were found in early fireplace designs. The most famous fireplace performers of the time were the Adam Brothers. They perfected a kind of fireplace design which has been used for generations. It was smaller, more brightly colored, with an emphasis on the level of the substances used in their construction, as opposed to their size.

By the 1800s most new fireplaces were composed of 2 parts, the surround as well as the add. The encircle consisted of the mantlepiece and sides affirms, typically in wood, marble or granite. The fit was where the fire burned, and was built of cast iron frequently backed with ornamental tiles. As well as providing heat, the fireplaces of the Victorian era were thought to bring a cozy ambiance to homes.

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Some fireplace components include a blower that transports more of the fireplace's heat to the air via convection, resulting in a more evenly heated area and a lower heating load. Fireplace efficiency can also be increased with the use of a fireback, a piece of metal that sits behind the flame and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally produced from cast iron, but can also be made from stainless steel. Efficiency is a complicated notion although with open hearth fireplaces. Most efficiency tests consider just the impact of heating of the atmosphere. An open fireplace is not, and never was, designed to warm the air. A fireplace with a fireback is a toaster, and has done so since the 15th century. The best method to gauge the output signal of a fireplace is in case you notice you are turning the thermostat up or down.

Most elderly fireplaces have a relatively low efficiency rating. Standard, modern, wood-burning masonry fireplaces though have an efficiency rating of 80% (legal minimum requirement such as in Salzburg/Austria). To improve efficiency, fireplaces can also be altered by inserting special heavy fireboxes designed to burn cleaner and may reach efficiencies as large as 80% in heating the atmosphere. These modified fireplaces are usually equipped with a massive fire window, allowing an efficient heating process in two phases. During the first phase the first heat is provided through a large glass window while the flame is burning. During this time period the structure, constructed of refractory bricks, absorbs the heat. This heat is then equally radiated for several hours during the next phase. Masonry fireplaces with no glass fire window only provide heat radiated from its surface. Based on temperatures 1 to 2 daily firings are sufficient to ensure a constant room temperature.wall fireplace