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Historical fire pits were sometimes constructed in the floor, within caves, or in the middle of a hut or dwelling. Evidence of ancient, man-made flames is present on all five inhabited continents. The drawback of premature indoor fire pits was that they generated toxic and/or irritating smoke inside the house.Fire pits developed into elevated hearths in buildings, but venting smoke depended on open windows or holes in roofs. The great hall typically needed a centrally located hearth, where a open fire burned with the smoke rising to the port in the roof. Louvers were developed during the Middle Ages to enable the roof vents to be coated so rain and snow wouldn't enter.

Also during the Middle Ages, smoke canopies were invented to stop smoke from spreading through a room and vent it outside through a ceiling or wall. These could be placed against stone walls, rather than taking up the center of the space, and this allowed smaller rooms to be warmed.Chimneys were devised in northern Europe from the 11th or 12th centuries and mostly fixed the problem of fumes, more faithfully venting smoke out. They made it possible to give the fireplace a draft, and made it possible to place fireplaces in multiple rooms in buildings handily. They did not come into general usage instantly, however, as they were expensive to build and maintain.

The 18th century saw two important developments in the history of fireplaces. Benjamin Franklin developed a convection chamber for the fireplace that greatly improved the efficiency of fireplaces and wood stoves. He also improved the airflow by pulling air from a cellar and venting a longer area on top. In the later 18th century, Count Rumford designed a fireplace using a tall, shallow firebox that has been better at drawing up the smoke and from the construction. The shallow design also improved greatly the amount of radiant warmth projected to the room. Rumford's design is the foundation for modern kitchens.

The Aesthetic movement of the 1870s and 1880s took to a more traditional spectra based on rock and also deflected unnecessary ornamentation. Rather it relied on simple designs with small unnecessary ornamentation. From the 1890s the Aesthetic movement gave way to the Arts and Crafts movement, where the emphasis was still placed on providing quality gems. Stone fireplaces now have been a sign of prosperity, which to some degree remains the idea today.A fireplace is a construction made of brick, stone or metal made to include a fire. Fireplaces are utilized for its relaxing ambiance that they create and also for heating a space. Modern fireplaces vary in heat efficacy, depending upon the design.

Historically they have been used for heating a dwelling, cooking, and heating water for domestic and laundry uses. A fire is contained in a firebox or firepit; a chimney or other flue allows exhaust to escape. A fireplace may have the following: a foundation, a hearth, a firebox, a mantelpiece; a chimney crane (used in kitchen and laundry fireplaces), a grate, a lintel, a lintel pub, house overmantel, a damper, a smoke room, a throat, a flue, and a chimney filter or afterburner.

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On the exterior there is frequently a corbeled brick crown, in which the projecting courses of brick function as a drip route to keep rainwater from running down the outside walls. A hood, cap, or shroud serves to keep rainwater out of the exterior of the chimney; rain at the chimney is a far larger problem in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metal liners compared with the traditional masonry chimney, which soaks up all but the rain. Some chimneys have a spark arrestor incorporated into the cap or crown.

Organizations such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington Department of Ecology warn that, according to various studies, fireplaces can pose a significant health risk. The EPA writes"Smoke may smell good, but it is not great for you.

Kinds of fireplacesArtificial fireplaces are made out of sheet metal or glass fire boxes.Electric fireplaces can be built-in replacements for wood or gas or retrofit with log inserts or electrical fireboxes.A couple of types are, wall mounted electric fireplaces, electric fireplace stoves, electrical mantel fireplaces and fixed or free standing gas fireplaces.

Masonry and prefabricated fireplaces can be fueled by wood, natural gas, biomass and gas fuel sources. Ventless Fireplaces (duct free/room-venting fireplaces) are fueled by either gel, liquid propane, bottled gas or natural gas. In the United States, several states and local counties have laws restricting these kinds of fireplaces. Additionally, there are air quality management issues because of the quantity of moisture they release into the room air, and oxygen detector and carbon monoxide sensors are safety essentials. Direct vent fireplaces are fueled by either liquid propane or natural gas. They are completely sealed in the area that is heated, and port all exhaust gasses to the outside of the structure.

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AccessoriesFor the interior, common in recent Western cultures include grates, fireguards, log boxes, andirons, pellet baskets, along with fire dogs, all of which cradle fuel and accelerate burning. A grate (or flame grate) is a framework, usually of iron bars, to maintain fuel for a fire. Heavy metal firebacks are sometimes utilized to catch and re-radiate heat, to protect the rear of the fireplace, and as decoration. Fenders are low metallic frames placed in front of the fireplace to contain embers, soot and ashes.

As time passes, the intent behind fireplaces has transformed from one of requirement to one of visual interest. Early ones were fire pits than modern fireplaces. They have been used for warmth on cold days and nights, as well as for cooking. They also functioned as a gathering place inside the home. These fire pits were generally based within a room, allowing more people to collect around it.

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Many defects were found in early fireplace designs. The most renowned fireplace designers of the period were the Adam Brothers. They perfected a style of fireplace design that has been used for generations. It was smaller, more brightly lit, with an emphasis on the level of the materials used in their construction, as opposed to their dimensions.

From the 1800s newest fireplaces were made up of two components, the surround and the insert. The surround consisted of the mantlepiece and sides supports, usually in wood, marble or granite. The fit was where the fire burnt, and was built of cast iron frequently backed with ornamental tiles. As well as providing warmth, the fireplaces of the Victorian era were believed to bring a cozy ambiance into homes.

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Some fireplace units incorporate a blower which transfers more of the fireplace's heat to the air via convection, resulting in a more evenly heated area and a decrease heating load. Fireplace efficiency is also enhanced with the use of a fireback, a sheet of metal which sits behind the flame and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally made from cast iron, but are also made from stainless steel. Efficiency is a complex concept although with open hearth fireplaces. Most efficiency tests consider only the effect of heating of the atmosphere. An open fireplace isn't, and never was, intended to heat the air. The best method to estimate the output signal of a fireplace is if you notice you're turning the thermostat down or up.

Most older fireplaces have a comparatively low efficiency rating. Standard, modern, wood-burning masonry fireplaces though have an efficiency rating of 80% (legal minimum necessity such as in Salzburg/Austria). To boost efficiency, fireplaces may also be modified by adding special heavy fireboxes designed to burn much cleaner and can reach efficiencies as high as 80% in heating the air. These altered fireplaces are often equipped with a massive fire window, enabling an efficient heating system in two phases. During the first stage the initial heat is offered through a large glass while the fire is burning. In this time period the construction, constructed of refractory bricks, absorbs the heat. This warmth is then evenly radiated for many hours during the second phase. Masonry fireplaces with no glass fire window only offer heat radiated from the surface. Depending on temperatures 1 to two daily firings are enough to ensure a constant room temperature.fireplace screens