Ancient fire pits were sometimes built in the ground, within caves, or at the middle of a hut or dwelling. Evidence of prehistoric, man-made fires exists on all five inhabited continents. The disadvantage of premature indoor fire pits was that they generated toxic and/or annoying smoke within the house.Fire pits grown into raised hearths in buildings, but venting smoke depended on open windows or holes in roofs. The great hall typically needed a centrally located hearth, where a open fire burned with all the smoke climbing into the port in the roof. Louvers were developed throughout the Middle Ages to allow the roof vents to be covered so snow and rain would not enter.
Also throughout the Middle Ages, smoke canopies were invented to prevent smoke from dispersing an area and vent it outside via a wall or roof. These could be placed against stone walls, rather than taking up the middle of the room, and this enabled smaller chambers to be heated.Chimneys were invented in northern Europe in the 11th or 12th centuries and mostly fixed the problem of fumes, more faithfully venting smoke outside. They made it feasible to provide the fireplace a draft, and made it feasible to place fireplaces in multiple rooms in buildings conveniently. They did not come into general usage instantly, however, since they were expensive to develop and maintain.In 1678 Prince Rupert, nephew of Charles I, increased the grate of the fireplace, improving the airflow and venting system. Benjamin Franklin developed a convection chamber for the fireplace which greatly improved the efficacy of fireplaces and wood stoves. In addition, he enhanced the airflow by pulling air from a cellar and venting out a lengthier place on top. In the later 18th century, Count Rumford made a fireplace using a tall, shallow firebox which has been better at drawing the smoke up and out of the construction. The shallow design also improved greatly the quantity of radiant heat projected into the room. Rumford's design is the foundation for modern kitchens.
The Aesthetic movement of the 1870s and 1880s took on a more conventional spectra based on stone and also deflected unnecessary ornamentation. Instead it depended on simple layouts with little unnecessary ornamentation. From the 1890s the Aesthetic movement gave way into the Arts and Crafts movement, where the emphasis was placed on providing quality gems. Stone fireplaces at this time have been a sign of wealth, which to a degree is still the notion today.A fireplace is a construction made of brick, stone or metal designed to include a fire. Fireplaces are used for its relaxing ambiance they create and also for heating a room. Modern fireplaces change in heat efficacy, based on the plan.Historically they have been used for heating a dwelling, cooking, and heating water for domestic and laundry uses.
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On the exterior there is often a corbeled brick crown, where the projecting courses of brick function as a drip route to keep rainwater from running down the outside walls. A hood, cap, or shroud functions to keep rainwater from the outside of the chimney; rain in the chimney is a far greater difficulty in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metallic liners than with the traditional masonry chimney, which soaks up all but the most violent rain. A few chimneys have a spark arrestor integrated into the cap or crown.
Organizations like the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington Department of Ecology warn that, according to various studies, fireplaces can pose a significant health risk. The EPA writes"Smoke may smell good, but it is not good for you.Types of fireplacesArtificial fireplaces are made with sheet glass or metal fire boxes.Electric fireplaces can be built-in replacements for gas or wood or retrofit with log inserts or electric fireboxes.A few types are, wall mounted electric fireplaces, electric fireplace stoves, electric mantel fireplaces and fixed or free standing gas fireplaces.
Masonry and prefabricated fireplaces can be fueled by wood, natural gas, biomass and gas fuel sources. Ventless Fireplaces (duct free/room-venting fireplaces) are fueled by gel, liquid propane, bottled gas or natural gas. In the USA, several states and local counties have laws restricting these types of fireplaces. They must be properly sized to the area to be heated. Additionally, there are air quality management problems because of the quantity of moisture that they release into the room atmosphere, and oxygen sensor and carbon monoxide sensors are safety essentials. Direct vent fireplaces are fueled by liquid propane or natural gas. They are completely sealed from the place that is heated, and port all exhaust gasses into the exterior of the structure.
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As time passes, the purpose of fireplaces has transformed from one of requirement to one of interest. Early ones were fire pits compared to contemporary fireplaces. They have been used for warmth on cold days and nights, as well as for cooking. They also functioned as a gathering place within the house. These fire pits were usually based within a room, allowing more people to gather around it.
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Many flaws were found in early fireplace designs. Along with the Industrial Revolution, came large scale housing developments, requiring a standardization of fireplaces. The most renowned fireplace performers of this time were the Adam Brothers. They perfected a kind of fireplace design which has been used for generations. It had been smaller, more brightly colored, with a emphasis on the quality of the substances used in their construction, as opposed to their size.
By the 1800s newest fireplaces were composed of 2 parts, the surround and the add. The encircle comprised of the mantlepiece and sides supports, typically in wood, marble or granite. The insert was fire burnt, and was built of cast iron frequently backed with decorative tiles. As well as providing warmth, the fireplaces of the Victorian age were believed to add a cozy ambiance into homes.Fireplace Mantel Decorating Better Homes Gardens Video
Some fireplace units include a blower that transfers more of the fireplace's heat to the air via convection, leading to a more evenly heated space and a lower heating load. Fireplace efficiency can also be enhanced by means of a fireback, a piece of metal which sits behind the flame and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally made from cast iron, but can also be made from stainless steel. Efficiency is a complicated notion though with open hearth fireplaces. Most efficiency tests consider only the impact of heating of the atmosphere. An open fireplace isn't, and never was, designed to warm the air. A fireplace with a fireback is a radiant heater, and has done so as the 15th century. The best way to estimate the output signal of a fireplace is in case you notice you are turning the thermostat up or down.
Most older fireplaces have a relatively low efficiency rating. Standard, modern, wood-burning masonry fireplaces though have an efficiency rating of at least 80% (legal minimum requirement for example in Salzburg/Austria). To improve efficiency, fireplaces may also be altered by adding special heavy fireboxes designed to burn cleaner and can reach efficiencies as high as 80 percent in heating the atmosphere. These altered fireplaces are usually equipped with a massive fire window, allowing an efficient heating system in two stages. During the first phase the initial heat is provided through a large glass while the fire is burning. During this time period the structure, constructed of refractory bricks, absorbs the heat. This warmth is then evenly radiated for several hours during the next phase. Masonry fireplaces without a glass fire window only provide heat radiated from the surface. Depending on temperatures 1 to 2 daily firings are enough to guarantee a constant room temperature.fireplace mantel decor
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