Ancient fire pits were sometimes constructed from the floor, within caves, or at the center of a hut or home. Evidence of prehistoric, man-made fires is present on all five inhabited continents. The drawback of premature indoor flame pits was that they produced toxic and/or irritating smoke within the dwelling.Fire pits grown into elevated hearths in buildings, but venting smoke depended on open windows or openings in roofs. The great hall typically had a centrally situated hearth, where a open fire burnt with all the smoke climbing into the port in the roof. Louvers were developed during the Middle Ages to enable the roof vents to be covered so rain and snow wouldn't enter.
Additionally during the Middle Ages, smoke canopies were invented to prevent smoke from spreading through an area and vent it out via a wall or roof. These could be placed against rock walls, instead of taking up the center of the space, and this allowed smaller rooms to be warmed.Chimneys were invented in northern Europe from the 11th or 12th centuries and largely fixed the problem of fumes, more faithfully venting smoke outside. They made it possible to provide the fireplace a draft, and made it feasible to place fireplaces in numerous rooms in buildings conveniently. They didn't come into general use instantly, however, since they were expensive to build and maintain.The 18th century saw two major developments in the history of fireplaces. Benjamin Franklin developed a convection room for the fireplace that greatly enhanced the efficacy of fireplaces and wood stoves. In addition, he improved the airflow by pulling air from a basement and venting out a longer area on top. At the later 18th century, Count Rumford made a fireplace using a tall, shallow firebox that was better at drawing the smoke up and out of the construction. The shallow design also improved greatly the amount of radiant heat projected into the room. Rumford's design is the foundation for modern kitchens.
Rather it depended on simple layouts with little unnecessary ornamentation. From the 1890s the Aesthetic movement gave way to the Arts and Crafts movement, where the emphasis was placed on providing quality gems. Stone fireplaces now were a sign of wealth, which to some degree is still the idea today.A fireplace is a construction made from brick, stone or metal made to contain a fire. Fireplaces are utilized for the relaxing ambiance that they create and for heating a space. Modern fireplaces change in heat efficacy, depending upon the plan.Historically they have been utilized for heating a home, cooking, and heating water for domestic and laundry uses.
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On the exterior there is often a corbeled brick crown, in which the casting courses of brick function as a drip route to keep rainwater from running down the outside walls. A cap, hood, or shroud serves to keep rainwater from the outside of the chimney; rain in the chimney is a much larger problem in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metallic liners than with the standard masonry chimney, that soaks up all but the most violent rain. Some chimneys have a spark arrestor incorporated into the crown or cap.
Organizations such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington Department of Ecology warn that, according to various studies, fireplaces can pose a significant health risk. The EPA writes"Smoke may smell good, but it's not good for you.Kinds of fireplacesArtificial fireplaces are made out of sheet glass or metal fire boxes.Electric fireplaces could be built-in replacements for either gas or wood or retrofit with log inserts or electric fireboxes.
In the United States, several states and local counties have laws limiting these kinds of fireplaces. They need to be properly sized to the area to be heated. Additionally, there are air quality management problems because of the amount of moisture they release into the room air, and oxygen sensor and carbon dioxide sensors are security essentials. Direct vent fireplaces are fueled by either liquid propane or natural gas. They are totally sealed from the place that is heated, and port all exhaust gasses into the outside of the structure.
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Over time, the purpose of fireplaces has transformed from one of requirement to one of interest. Early ones were fire pits than modern fireplaces. They were used for warmth on chilly days and nights, in addition to for cooking. They also functioned as a gathering place inside the home. These fire pits were usually based within a space, allowing more individuals to gather around it.
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Many flaws were found in ancient fireplace designs. Along with the Industrial Revolution, came big scale housing developments, requiring a standardization of fireplaces. The most famous fireplace designers of the period were the Adam Brothers. They perfected a style of fireplace design that has been used for generations. It was smaller, more brightly lit, with a emphasis on the level of the materials used in their construction, instead of their size.
From the 1800s most new fireplaces were composed of two parts, the surround and the add. The surround consisted of the mantlepiece and sides supports, typically in wood, marble or granite. The fit was fire burnt, and was constructed of cast iron frequently backed with ornamental tiles. As well as providing heat, the fireplaces of the Victorian era were believed to add a cozy ambiance into homes.Amazon.com: Pearl Mantels 51048 Newport 48Inch Fireplace Mantel Surround with Medium Density Video
Some fireplace components include a blower that transfers more of the fireplace's heat to the air via convection, leading to a more evenly heated area and a lower heating load. Fireplace efficiency is also enhanced with the use of a fireback, a sheet of metal which sits behind the fire and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally made from cast iron, but can also be manufactured from stainless steel. Efficiency is a complicated notion although with open hearth fireplaces. Most efficiency tests consider just the impact of heating of the air. An open fireplace isn't, and never was, designed to warm the atmosphere. A fireplace with a fireback is a radiant heater, and has done so since the 15th century. The ideal way to gauge the output signal of a fireplace is if you detect you're turning the thermostat up or down.
Most older fireplaces have a relatively low efficiency score. Standard, contemporary, weatherproof masonry fireplaces still possess an efficiency rating of 80% (legal minimum necessity such as in Salzburg/Austria). To improve efficiency, fireplaces may also be modified by inserting special heavy fireboxes developed to burn much cleaner and may reach efficiencies as large as 80% in heating the air. These altered fireplaces are usually equipped with a large fire window, enabling an efficient heating process in two stages. During the first stage the first heat is provided through a large glass window while the flame is burning. During this time the construction, built of refractory bricks, absorbs the warmth. This warmth is then evenly radiated for several hours during the next stage. Masonry fireplaces with no glass fire window only provide heat radiated from its surface. Based on temperatures 1 to two daily firings are sufficient to ensure a constant room temperature.fireplace mantles
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