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Historical fire pits were sometimes constructed from the floor, in caves, or at the middle of a hut or dwelling. Evidence of ancient, man-made fires is present on all five inhabited continents. The drawback of premature indoor fire pits was that they produced toxic and/or irritating smoke within the dwelling.Fire pits developed into raised hearths in structures, but ventilation smoke relied on open windows or openings in roofs. The medieval great hall typically needed a centrally located hearth, where a open fire burned with the smoke rising to the vent in the roof. Louvers were developed throughout the Middle Ages to allow the roof vents to be covered so snow and rain would not enter.

Additionally throughout the Middle Ages, smoke canopies were devised to prevent smoke from dispersing a room and vent it outside through a ceiling or wall. These can be put against stone walls, rather than taking up the center of the space, and this enabled smaller chambers to be warmed.Chimneys were invented in northern Europe from the 11th or 12th centuries and largely fixed the problem of fumes, more reliably venting smoke out. They made it feasible to provide the fireplace a draft, and made it feasible to place fireplaces in multiple rooms in buildings conveniently. They did not come into general usage instantly, however, as they were more expensive to develop and maintain.

In 1678 Prince Rupert, nephew of Charles I, increased the grate of the fireplace, improving the airflow and venting system. The 18th century saw two major developments in the history of fireplaces. Benjamin Franklin developed a convection room for the fireplace which greatly improved the efficacy of fireplaces and wood stoves. In addition, he improved the airflow by pulling air from a cellar and venting a longer area at the very top. In the later 18th century, Count Rumford designed a fireplace using a tall, shallow firebox which was better at drawing up the smoke and out of the building. The shallow design also improved greatly the quantity of radiant heat projected to the space. Rumford's layout is the basis for modern kitchens.

Instead it depended on simple designs with small unnecessary ornamentation. From the 1890s the Aesthetic movement gave way into the Arts and Crafts movement, in which the emphasis was placed on supplying quality gems. Stone fireplaces now were a symbol of prosperity, which to a degree is still the idea today.A fireplace is a structure made from brick, stone or metal made to include a fire. Fireplaces are utilized for its relaxing ambiance that they create and also for heating a space. Modern fireplaces vary in heat efficacy, depending upon the plan.

Historically they were utilized for heating a dwelling, cooking, and heating water for laundry and domestic uses.

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On the exterior there is often a corbeled brick crown, where the projecting courses of brick act as a drip route to keep rainwater from running down the exterior walls. A hood, cap, or shroud serves to keep rainwater out of the outside of the chimney; rain at the chimney is a far larger problem in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metal liners than with the traditional masonry chimney, which divides up all but the most violent rain. Some chimneys have a spark arrestor incorporated into the crown or cap.

Organizations such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington Department of Ecology warn that, according to various studies, fireplaces could pose a significant health threat. The EPA writes"Smoke may smell good, but it is not good for you.

Kinds of fireplacesArtificial fireplaces are made with sheet glass or metal fire boxes.Electric fireplaces could be built-in replacements for wood or gas or retrofit with log inserts or electric fireboxes.

Ventless Fireplaces (duct free/room-venting fireplaces) are fueled by gel, liquid propane, bottled gas or natural gas. In the USA, some states and local counties have laws limiting these types of fireplaces. They must be properly sized to the area to be heated. Additionally, there are air quality control problems due to the amount of moisture they discharge into the room air, and oxygen detector and carbon dioxide sensors are safety essentials. Direct vent fireplaces have been fueled by either liquid propane or natural gas. They are totally sealed from the place that's heated, and port all exhaust gasses to the outside of the structure.

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AccessoriesFor the interior, common in current Western civilizations comprise grates, fireguards, log boxes, andirons, pellet baskets, and fire puppies, all of which cradle gas and quicken burning. A grate (or fire grate) is a framework, usually of iron bars, to retain fuel for a fire. Heavy metallic firebacks are sometimes used to capture and re-radiate warmth, to protect the rear of the fireplace, and as decoration. Fenders are low metallic frames placed before the fireplace to contain embers, soot and ashes.

As time passes, the purpose of fireplaces has transformed from one of necessity to one of visual interest. Early ones were more fire pits than contemporary fireplaces. They have been used for warmth on chilly days and nights, in addition to for cooking. They also served as a gathering place inside the house. These fire pits were generally based within a space, allowing more people to gather around it.

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Many flaws were found in ancient fireplace designs. Along with the Industrial Revolution, came large scale housing developments, requiring a standardization of fireplaces. The most famous fireplace performers of the time were the Adam Brothers. They perfected a style of fireplace design which was used for generations. It was smaller, more brightly colored, with an emphasis on the quality of the materials used in their construction, as opposed to their size.

By the 1800s most new fireplaces were made up of 2 parts, the surround as well as the add. The encircle comprised of the mantlepiece and sides supports, typically in wood, marble or granite. The insert was where the fire burned, and was constructed of cast iron frequently backed with ornamental tiles. In addition to providing heat, the fireplaces of the Victorian era were believed to add a cozy ambiance to homes.

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Some fireplace units incorporate a blower which transports more of the fireplace's heat to the air via convection, resulting in a more evenly heated space and a lower heating load. Fireplace efficiency is also enhanced with the use of a fireback, a sheet of metal which sits behind the fire and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally produced from cast iron, but can also be manufactured from stainless steel. Efficiency is a complicated notion though with open hearth fireplaces. Most efficiency tests consider just the impact of heating of the air. An open fireplace isn't, and never was, designed to heat the air. A fireplace with a fireback is a toaster, and has done so as the 15th century. The ideal way to estimate the output of a fireplace is if you detect you're turning the thermostat up or down.

Most elderly fireplaces have a comparatively low efficiency rating. Standard, contemporary, weatherproof masonry fireplaces though have an efficiency rating of at least 80% (legal minimum requirement for example in Salzburg/Austria). To boost efficiency, fireplaces may also be altered by inserting special heavy fireboxes developed to burn cleaner and can reach efficiencies as large as 80% in heating the atmosphere. These altered fireplaces are usually equipped with a large fire window, allowing an efficient heating process in two phases. During the first phase the first heat is offered through a large glass window while the fire is burning. During this time the structure, constructed of refractory bricks, absorbs the heat. This warmth is then equally radiated for several hours during the next phase. Masonry fireplaces with no glass fire window just provide heat radiated from its surface. Based on outside temperatures 1 to 2 daily firings are enough to guarantee a constant room temperature.fireplace video